Earth Sciences Pakistan (ESP)

Bioenergy is generated from biomass by anaerobic digestion, and it is considered a sustainable solution for the globe to overcome energy demands. In Anaerobic digestion the organic material breaks in the absence of oxygen and produces biogas, initially, it produces methane and CO2. The Neocallimastix frontalis anaerobic fungi are used to break down complex organic material, helping to enhance anaerobic digestion. Neocallimastix frontalis is present in the herbivore’s rumen enhances the enzyme activity and enables the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass. The structure of lignocellulosic is complex so it becomes a challenge for enzymatic degradation. The steam explosion pretreatment method is used for making the lignocellulosic substrates digestible. It makes the structure of lignocellulosic biomass more accessible for enzymatic breakdown and enhances microbial fermentation that helps to lead the biogas production. Anaerobic digestion produces digestate, which is a nutrient-rich fertilizer that promotes sustainable agriculture practices that produce biogas. In future, more studies are required to use Neocallimastix frontalis in anaerobic digestion process improvement. This may help not only in improving the mode of biogas production, it also used in addressing strengthening global energy and environmental issues. This involves the identification and implementation of genetic engineering technologies and advanced biotechnology techniques that promote the development, and commercialization of enzymatic profiles and biogas generation systems. Moreover, the evolution of bioreactor design, process optimization, as well as microbial engineering, are some of the developments of these technologies as such, deployment of such technologies in diverse industries. Agriculture will further complement climate change mitigation efforts and the accomplishment of sustainable development goals.