In urban areas, management of solid waste is a big and serious issue because of high amount of waste generated from different sources (industries, domestic etc.). In Lahore solid waste generated daily is about 5000 ton comprising of around 60% biodegradable and 40% non-biodegradable waste. About 70% of waste is collected which is then disposed of in unmonitored dumping sites. It causes severe environmental problems. The present study is for minimizing the solid waste being collected. Composting technique was adopted from Municipal solid waste and garden waste. The aerated composting technique made results more efficient by using an effective microbe’s solution which acts as an activator to enhance microbial activity and reduced the composting period. The results demonstrated that compost was good in organic content 25% and carbon-nitrogen ratio 26:1. It was planned to convert organic waste into compost thus substantially reducing the MSW loads being generated in Lahore.

The rapid growth of population and development of industrial field is contributing to massive waste pollution in which plastic waste is considered as most difficult waste to deal with due to its non-biodegradable nature. This lead to various impact on environment as well as all living things. Many of the waste produced due to human activity will remain in the environment for long period of time leading to various environmental problem. To overcome this problem a study is conducted in which plastic waste is effectively utilized with bitumen a binding material in construction of flexible pavements to enhance its stability and water resistant capacity. Cleaned plastic waste is shredded to a size of 2.76mm-4mm is mixed with hot bitumen mix and then this waste plastic added bitumen is mixed with hot aggregate and the end product is used as laying material for road construction. The objective of this study is to give an innovative idea for effective use of plastic waste and recommend a favorable percentage of plastic for replacement of bitumen. This paper also includes some tests performed on aggregate and bitumen.

Open dumping site causes a serious environmental problem that included water, air, surface water and ground water. Ground water is very precious source of water, but it is deteriorated by leachate formation which contains many dangerous complex compounds. Nearby areas are more affected in water quality than the far-off areas. The present study explored the municipal open dumping site of Faisalabad impacts on ground water quality. Six points were selected for water sampling at different specific distances from the sites in the study area. Then the samples were examined for seven parameters that included TDS, pH, Hardness, Turbidity, Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform to investigate the affected ground water quality. Results have showed that dangerous pollutants are important component of ground water that are in more concentration then standards and is unfit for consumption. It may result to different water born diseases respiratory problems and lungs cancer etc. Proper monitoring and supervision for leachate management and waste disposal are suggested.

Cement is a binding material that is used to bind different aggregate (coarse and fine) through a chemical process known as hydration in the presence of moisture. This research work is planned with the purpose to determine the most appropriate and efficient proportions of admixture i.e. fly ash so as to modify the strength properties of concrete. By adding this admixture strength properties of cement and concrete can be enhanced. Cement be replaced with different percentages levels of Fly ash as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement. To work out the strength properties and the variation pattern due mixing in different proportions of fly ash for different tests such as compressive and tensile strength are planned to be performed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days curing. These experiments were conducted at Laboratory scale. Addition of fly ash as an admixture in replacement of cement enhanced strength properties of cement and concrete up to a limit. At 10% fly ash cured for 28 days maximum compressive and tensile strength was achieved i.e. 1170 psi and 66 psi respectively. Furthermore, addition of fly ash as cement replacement showed gradual reduction in the strength properties i.e. minimum compressive and tensile strength was found to be for 50% fly ash sample cured for 7 days. As an outcome of this research fly ash is concluded to be an effective replacement of cement for non-loading constructions.

Management of solid waste is one of the current issues especially in cities due to increasing population and modern lifestyle. Faisalabad produces almost 1300-1600 tons of solid waste per day which is going to be increase with the passage of time. 56% of generated waste is collected only and 43% is disposed in open dumping site without any precautionary measures and treatment. It results in many kinds of environmental deterioration and become a source of communicable diseases. This study was conducted to estimate the potential present in solid waste of Faisalabad. Recycling, composting and incineration are alternative approaches to solid waste management. By managing the solid waste, it reduces the pollution problems with the outcomes of valuable fertilizer and energy. Composition of Faisalabad waste depicts valuable quantity of energy in it.

Hospital waste is categorized as a very dangerous waste type as it possesses many pathogenic elements and it can cause harmful human health effects. This research shows the survey and field investigation conducted at government hospitals located in Faisalabad. The quantitative waste analysis showed that 55% non-infectious, 15% infectious, 25% bio-hazardous, 2% sharps and 3% chemical waste is generation in these hospitals. Few main hospitals have their own incinerator but still either they are not working efficiency or insufficient to handle waste. However, this paper deals with the design of incinerator for small scale hospitals. The proposed incinerator has three chambers: primary chamber (temperature range 500-7000c), secondary chamber (temperature range 700-900oc), and tertiary chamber (temperature range 900-12000c). Situation analysis confirmed the earlier view that a hospital waste management project should be implemented at this hospital and an intensive training programmed, at all levels, and is required to deal effectively with this problem.

Water for consumption purpose needs to be treated to meet the quality guidelines of 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) according to World Health Organization. The main objective of this study is to compare Moringa Oleifera Lam. to that of aluminum sulphate in terms of treatment efficiency. The method is carried out using Jar Tests and raw data are analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office Professional Plus 2013 and Pearson Correlation. Results shown proved the ability of Morina oleifera to remove the total suspended solids in the water from 35.9 ± 1.65 NTU to 3.17 ± 0.3 NTU at optimum dosage of 15 mg/l while aluminum sulphate to 7.26 ± 2.13 NTU at dosage of 55 mg/l. The treatment efficiency of Moringa oleifera is also higher at 91.17% and aluminum sulphate is at 78.72%. Moringa oleifera resist changes in pH as final reading of the water sample increases from 5.67 ± 0.23 to 6.05 ± 0.03 while aluminum sulphate decreases to 3.43 ± 0.05 which indicates elevated acidity level. Conductivity reading of Moringa oleifera is constant at range of 113.33 ± 5.77 ևS while aluminum sulphate increased drastically from initial reading of 86.67 ± 5.77 ևS to 1120 ± 10.0 ևS. The final temperature is still at normal room temperature range after the addition of both coagulants at 22.07 °C to 24.97 °C. As a conclusion, a cheaper and safer coagulant such as Moringa oleifera as compared to aluminum sulphate can be established.