About 44% citizens of Pakistan do not have access to safe drinking water. Good quality filters used for the purification of water are out of range for people of remote areas. This study has been conducted to check the efficiencies of different environment friendly materials which are locally available like Rice husk, incomplete burnt rice husk, Wheat husk and Saw dust. Collected materials were passed through pretreatment process like washing, drying and setup developed. Rice husk is burnt under solar concentrators. Samples of drinking water collected from different points from University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The results show that incomplete burnt rice husk is most efficient among all others in controlling different parameters of drinking water like TDS, EC, PH, DO etc. For future it is recommended use rice husk in clay for the formation of filter setup and burns it in kiln. Biological parameters will also be check of drinking water after passing through this setup.

This study was carried out to map and characterize the water bearing formations (aquifers) in Abia State, southeastern Nigeria. Aquifer hydraulic properties were obtained from existing borehole logs and pumping tests data obtained from the field. More recent productive boreholes in the study area were accurately geo-referenced by taking GPS elevations and coordinates. A synergy of all data collected during field visits and those gleaned from the literature, and the geologic information available were analyzed and interpreted to meet the broad framework and specific objectives of this study. Vertical electrical resistivity depth sounding for inferring the resistivity and thicknesses of the vertical succession of different conducting zones in the subsurface was employed in characterization of the subsurface auriferous units. The depth of the boreholes drilled varies from 21.02m – 250m, while the static water level (SWL) varies between 4.57m around Ukwa-West to about 35.97m around Aba South. The depth range of 9.15m to 53.05m to the auriferous zone for Umuahia Local Government Area is in agreement with the value of 35.0m. Very productive aquifers in Abia State are limited to the alluvial deposits and the Coastal Plain Sands lithologies comprising: fine, medium and coarse-grained and often pebbly sands with some intercalations of clays. The alluvium occurs mainly in Ukwa West and East Local Government Areas. Drilling depths in this aquifer range from 30 to 140m. Prolific production is expected from this alluvium which has an approximate permeability of 35m2/day. The High production rate (Permeability = 35m2/day) is expected in the Coastal Plain Sands sediments found in all Local Government Areas stretching south of Umuahia and Bende. Drilling depths ranging from 40 to 250 m are recommended for boreholes in these LGAs. However, more precise drilling depths must be confirmed by hydro-geophysical site survey, because the geology of Abia State becomes more complicated north of Umuahia and Bende LGAs. This complication in geology affects all other LGAs north of Umuahia.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the measure of carbon footprint transmitted from diesel generators to the extent carbon dioxide. One of the diesel generator was selected for this study that are available in the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. A reliable load demand of 180 ampere, 100 ampere, and 90 ampere with six hours of operation of a diesel generator for consistently was decided for this examination. The fuel usage rate is 550 liters per week and carbon foot prints to the extent carbon dioxide (CO₂) were settled. It was found that transmission of carbon foot prints as release part was 2.7kgCO₂/liters (consistent component) of diesel fuel used. It was observed that the enlargement of the kilowatts extends the fuel usage and surge of the carbon dioxide. It is revealed that the efficiency of diesel generator is inversely proportional to its rated power, fuel consumption rate and CO₂ emissions. Therefore, the rated power of selected diesel generator should be close to the required load demand.

Faisalabad is considered among the third most populated city in Pakistan. Industrialization and transportation framework has contributed essentially to the improvement of human progress and has enormously affects the encompassing ambient air quality. The rapid increase in particulate matters in Pakistan as well as all over the subcontinent over the last three to four years has a potential for significant health implications. The motivation behind this paper is to survey the preparatory air quality parameters including particulate matter PM10, CO, SO2 of city Faisalabad, Pakistan. The concentrations of pollutants were measured at 4 sites with weekly rotations for a specific period. Results demonstrated that concentration of PM10 in the surrounding area of Faisalabad city was higher during the study period while levels of SO2 and CO are relatively lower as compared with NEQS. In addition, it has been observed that residential area is less polluted while the commercial, vehicular and industrial areas are extremely polluted. Ambient air quality may be improved by adopting different mitigation measures like reduce fugitive emissions, reduce vehicle emissions by using catalytic converter and plantation etc, which leads towards sustainable environment.

Inappropriately solid waste handling and disposing are promoting environmental problems in Pakistan. Deteriorating environmental quality is a serious consequence of open dumping site and is rapidly increasing concern for public. To investigate, the causes Muhammada Wala dumping site was chosen. There is a tremendous amount of solid waste generating and dumped without any precautionary measures. Due to development of industries and urban areas the condition is going to be harsh. The aim of this study is the site investigation of the dumping site and its consequences on environment. Water samples were collected near the site, analyzed in the laboratory and interviews were taken. Significant high TDS was observed in ground water. Communicable diseases and unhygienic environment were revealed from this research. The main collapses of municipal solid waste systems are unplanned management of the city, intense climatic conditions, absence of awareness of users and community participation, inadequate resources including machinery and lack of funds.

Waste water contains hazardous chemicals released from industries and affects adversely aquatic life as well as deteriorates surface and groundwater quality. The industrial effluent is disposed into drains without treatment thus worsening condition. It alters the living condition of aquatic life and effects the environment adversely. It affects human being some time directly and sometime indirectly. Chromium contamination is a serious problem because of cancer-causing effect of the pollutants and low recovery rate of chromium owing to the existence of organics, such as protein as well as fat. Objective of this study was to determine viability of adsorbents like fly ash and red brick dust for chromium ions recovery from tannery wastewater. Aqueous solutions of Cr(III) was prepared by dissolving the specific amounts of chromium Sulphate in de ionized water. Concentration of Cr (III) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The adsorption of chromium on fly ash as well as red brick dust was determined at different Cr (III) concentrations, contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH. By comparing results of both adsorbents it was concluded that performance efficiency of both fly ash and red brick dust was good for removal and recovery of chromium. But red brick dust was more effective as compared to fly ash. Because maximum recovery of chromium was observed at pH 4; adsorbent red brick dust; contact time 3hours; and adsorbent dosage 1000g. Red brick dust declared as good adsorbent for the recovery of chromium from tannery waste water.

Vehicular emissions pose a negative impact on the environment. Carbon dioxide is the main contributor to global warming which result due to greenhouse effect. The aim of this study is to quantify the CO₂ emissions from transportation sector and determine the amount of trees required for compensating that quantified emissions. Road transport sector causes more urban airborne pollution than any other single human activity. Faisalabad is 3rd largest city of Pakistan where the situation is getting alarming due to industrial explosion, population growth and increasing high volume of traffic and it was selected for quantification of CO₂. The practical application of emission could be seen last winter in a form of smog and it affected the visibility as well as causing irritation problem in eyes and nose. The study was carried out based on the emission factors of petrol and diesel i.e. 2.3 kg/L and 2.7 kg/L respectively. After collecting vehicular data, distances w.r.t vehicles type and fuels w.r.t distances were determined .With application of emission factors calculations on various amount of fuel used by various vehicles the summation of all emissions were determined. The concentration of CO₂ emissions are 601.96 tons minimum, 894.4 tons averagely and 1190.23 tons maximum respectively. As our whole system of transportation is based on fossil fuel and complete shifting to clean fuel is time consuming and difficult so, plantation is the natural and more effective way of cleaning our air because they are natural eaters of CO₂. To compensate the maximum emissions, it requires 20million of plantations per year.

The sorption capacity of Immobilized Typha angustata L. for the removal of metal ions (Fe3+,Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+ ) were studied using batch experiments. The residual metal ion concentrations were investigated using AAS. The influence of factors such as contact time, initial concentration, ionic strength pH and temperature were investigated. The metal ion sorption capacity by IBCC decreases with increasing ionic strength but increases with increasing pH values and initial metal ion concentration. The sorption rate for the metal ions was rapid for the first 30 minutes and equilibrium was established within 2 hrs. The maximum sorption capacity for Fe3+, Pb2+, Cd3+,Cr2+, and Zn2+ were found to be 98.65, 96.36,90.57, 84.38 and 80.28 respectively. From the experimental work on the sorption capacity of IBCC sorbent, our result showed that the abundantly wasted Typha angustata L. could be turned into an environmentally friendly, and cost effective sorbent for the removal of heavy metalions from waste water.

Environment pollution is a major problem of the world and it is mainly influence to the health of human, animals and ecosystem. This paper provides the brief view about the affects of noise as environment pollution in the perspective of noise pollution on human by diseases and problems among living organisms. Study finds that these kinds of pollutions are not only seriously affecting the human by diseases and problems but also the biodiversity. Still time left in the hands of worlds institutions, local bodies and government to use the advance resources to balance the environment .With the promotion of science and technology at a unique tempo, the urban points of the world have evolved not just in size but also in terms of the living situation. This brings about new awareness about the noise pollution, which is the part of our day-to-day lives. It is conducted by studies that trace the amount of damage caused by the noise from various natural as well as anthropogenic sources, especially traffic. Noise is associated with the physical, mental, emotional and psychological to all the individuals be it human beings or even animals. This is a potential risk to the requirements of sound living conditions and needs to be checked at judicial level.

The major industries contributing to water pollution is textile mills. In the present study, the synthetic waste water was treated by using red brick dust and alum. Its evaluation was done by measuring pH, EC, TDS and Color removal percentage. The experiment carried out with different concentration of red brick dust and alum to measure the dosage suitability of these adsorbents for dye color removal. The pH of synthetic dye was maintained at 4, 7 and 9 then passed through the red brick dust and alum. The sequential treatment, adsorption followed by coagulation was adopted to treat the wastewater. Dosage variability showed very significant results and 75% red brick dust with combination of 25% alum concentration was found favorable for color removal of dye. The material was capable of removing color up to 92% at pH 7 at normal temperature. Other parameters like EC and pH showed abnormal trends as the amount of alum was increased but TDS were tend to decreased with the increasing amount of alum. The experimental result showed that the material has good potential to remove color from effluent and good potential as an alternate low cost adsorbent. There are many physical and chemical treatment methods available for removal of color but all these methods have problems associated such as secondary effluent, hazardous and harmful end products, high energy consuming, non-economic etc. These problems can be overcome by the use of physical treatment method (adsorption and coagulation method) which is not hazardous for environment.