The latest Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal Egyptian species Plummerita haggagae Anan from the planktic foraminiferal zonation P. hantkeninoides Zone of Duwi section (Qusseir area, Red Sea coast, Eastern Desert of Egypt) has last spine-like prolongation of the three penultimate of four-chambered volution test, and also recorded here from the same stratigraphic horizon of Per Fat section (Duhok area, Kurdistan region of Iraq). This species represents the third group of Plummerita (Plummerita haggagae group of Anan). The other two groups of Plummerita, which produced by Brönnimann (1952) from Trinidad, are: Plummerita hantkeninoides group (last five-chambered volution: P. hantkeninoides, P. costata, P. inflata), and Plummerita reicheli group (last six-chambered volition: P. reicheli, P. pustulata, P. hexacamerata). P. haggagae is distinguished by its four-chambered volition in dextral coiling, with axially pointed spine-like prolongation for the three penultimate chambers, but without spine-like prolongation of the last fourth inflated chamber. The fauna of Gabal Duwi in central Egypt is predominantly considered here to be related to MTF (middle-upper neritic environment (100-200 m water depth).

Well-log, biostratigraphic, chronological chart and seismic data from offshore Wabi Field in the Niger Delta were used to delineate depositional sequences, stratigraphy, systems tracts and flooding surfaces. Geologic faults, horizons systems tracts were detected in seismic section. The faulting patterns ware boundary, synthetic, antithetic, and roll-over faults in N-W to S-E trending. Hydrocarbons are encountered between 9,560 and 12,750ftss in 3-stacked B, O, and R1 reservoirs in crestally collapsed rollover anticlines, which are predominantly shore face. Reservoir R1 was the thickest (320ft) sand unit; Reservoir B was the thinnest (50ft) sand unit. The thinning of the sand sequences at greater depths is indicative of bulk density being increased as the sediment compacted. Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis reveals Onlap is generally associated with marine transgression; Toplap which terminates below the surface, lap out in the landward direction. Three (3) maximum flooding surfaces (MFS) of 20.4Ma, 16.7Ma and 15.9Ma were inferred. The field was deposited during lower to upper Miocene Epoch using the Niger Delta Cenozoic Geologic Data. The reservoirs of interest fall within the following system tracts: B Sand is a Low Stand System Tract (LST), O Sand is a High Stand System Tract (HST) and R1 Sand is a Transgressive System Tract (TST). Two types of facies of channel (blocky signatures) and shoreface (coarsening upward) sand deposits with traces of heterolithic sand, silty sand (serrated motif) and marine shale are inferred. Wabi field is dominantly fluvial (channel deposits) environment as shown by the major blocky log signature. The results could help identify depositional sequences, systems tracts on seismic sections by interpreting the location of their boundaries and flooding surfaces. Moreover, delineation of subsurface structures, reservoir quality and lateral extents are of key importance in the determination of economic viability of Fields and exploration opportunities.

Water is one of the determinants of the human-earth system. Diseases may spring up through water pollution, especially groundwater contamination, and rapidly spread beyond human expectations because of its flow mechanism. This study aims to assess the impact of landfills on groundwater quality in Apete/Awotan area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria using The Electrical Resistivity and hydrochemical methods. The Electrical Resistivity method involves the use of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques. The hydrochemical method involves the collection of seven water samples from boreholes and hand-dug wells, with sampling depths ranging from 9 to 75 m. Sixteen VES were carried out using Schlumberger array with current electrode spacing varying from 1 to 65 m, with 2-D ERT using Wenner array with an electrode spacing of 5 m interval and was used to determine the subsurface lithologies. The results from both methods indicate high levels of chemical contamination of the water from the boreholes and well water within and outside the dumpsite to a distance of 20 m away; health problems such as typhoid fever or worm infestation are imminent when such water is consumed. Good correlations exist between the Electrical Resistivity results and hydrochemical analysis for contamination in some strategically located notably S1, S2, and S3. 30 m away from the dumpsite are yet to be contaminated and can be relatively said to be of good water quality based on their locations and anions concentrations falling within the maximum permissible limit for water constituents by the World Health Organization.

This research work asses the problems of building foundation within Sagari Estate, Akure, Southwestern Nigeria, using remotely sensed data and geophysical methods. The slope, lineament, hill, and contour map were generated using terrain analysis in ArcGIS 10.5 environment. Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Very Low Frequency (EM-VLF) Electromagnetic methods were used in this study. The ER method involves the use of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) with Schlumberger configuration. The initial geoelectric parameters obtained from the fifty three (53) VES station points interpretation (layer resistivities and thicknesses) were used to generate geoelectric maps. The variation of strata and physical strength information within the investigated area were determined from the integrated results of the three methods. Results revealed that substantial portion of the areas studied is relatively unsuitable for high rise civil engineering foundations. However, it was showed that the northern and southern parts of the investigated area were more suitable for foundations. The dominant presence of lineaments, steep slopes , fractures, streams, and thick clayey topsoil as well as weathered layers within the western, eastern, and the central portions reveals susceptibility to subsidence if adequate structural supports mitigate the effect of the persistent foundation failure are not provided.

The analysis of the discovered base metal elements in Itagunmodi, Southwest, Ife-Ilesha schist belts, Nigeria, with a case study of Amuta, was carried out to ascertain the likelihood of these elements forming ore bodies that might sustain mining activity in the area alongside gold. The aim is to determine the economic viability potentials of the detected base metals’ mineralisation to support mining activities in the study area. The geochemical analysis results indicated that the concentrations of these elements copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (pb), and zinc (Zn) are substantial in the majority of the locations when compared to the area’s typical concentrations. When the copper 614.2, nickel 705.1, lead 47.1, and zinc 987.8 threshold values were compared to their recoverable concentrations, it was determined that these elements, with the exception of lead in location 4, are not anomalous in the area. When these elements’ concentration factors were compared to their usual crustal abundance values, it was determined that they are not enough concentrated to form ore bodies in the studied location. Electrical geophysical methods utilizing induced polarization were used to determine the locations of selected stream samples. The results from the five locations typically indicated a significant IP signature with chargeability values ranging from 8 to 18 msec, confirming the occurrence of base metals mineralization in the study region. This indicates that the ore deposit is uneven and distributed within fault/fracture zones. As a result, the detected base metals’ mineralisation potentials in the study region are not economically viable to support mining activities. Thus, it is concluded that, while the studied area is mineralized in base metals, its ore body formation propensity is extremely low, and thus cannot sustain economically viable mining activities.

Two hundred and twenty-seven Maastrichtian-Early Paleogene benthic foraminiferal species were recorded from three widely separated surface Jordanian sections: Wadi Arab in the north, Muwaqqar in the center, and Tell Burma in the south. Forty-two species and subspecies were listed. Fifteen diagnostic species of them are treated by him as new species, which recorded and illustrated in this study. The paleogeographic distribution of them in some other countries in the Southern Tethys are recorded: United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt, Tunisia, Tanzania and Angola. One of the original species of Futyan: Siphogenerinoides elnaggari is considered here as a junior synonym of another species Orthokarstenia higazyi (Nakkady). The paratype of the recorded species Vaginulinopsis wadiarabensis Futyan is considered recently, by the present author, as a new genus and species: Lenticuzonaria hodae, while the holotype of it was regarded to be the holotype of the new genus Percultalina. As a token of appreciation of his outstanding career and faunal contributions, one species was recently erected: Pseudoclavulina futyani. Most of the recorded species (10 species) are endemic to Jordan, while others were recorded in other countries in the Southern Tethys. Most of these species are used to introduce an evolutionary trend marked by changes in the morphology and other characters of these benthic foraminiferal test. The Jordanian assemblage indicates an open marine environment, which represents middle-outer neritic environment (100 m ~ 200 m depth) and shows an affinity with Midway-Type Fauna (MTF).

Geoelectrical investigation was carried out in Otuo Community of Edo State, Southern Nigeria, with the aim of delineating the best aquifer bearing zone, and as well the vertical and lateral variation of subsurface lithology with depth and distance respectively. Schlumberger electrode configuration was employed in obtaining four (4) VES data. In determining the capacity bearing rating and groundwater potential of the area, the Dar Zarruk Parameters were tools used in characterizing the aquifer viz: Resistivity Contrast (RC), Resistivity Reflection Coefficient (RRC), Total Transverse Resistance (T) and Total Longitudinal Conductance (S). From the results obtained, VES 3 is the showed high potential source for groundwater compared to other VES points. It has the highest T value of 73,050.27 Ωm2 (showing a very good transmissivity of the layer), RC (3.045) and RRC (0.500), however, all parameters fell within good prospect for groundwater development. VES 1, 2 and 4 having values of 4787.22, 4003.95 and 28106.1005 (ohm-m2) respectively. The results obtained also show that VES 3 had the highest fracture thickness of 61.26 m meaning it has the highest groundwater potential, since VES 1, 2 and 4 having values of 22.02 m, 27.34 m, 48.91 m respectively.

This study utilized the interpretation of the airborne magnetic and radiometric data to delineate the potential structures that are associated with gold mineralization of the Minna and its environs, Northcentral Nigeria. The total field anomaly data was reduced to pole and upward continued in a bid to well positioned and enhanced the shallow (high pass) magnetic structures. The high pass structural lineaments were extracted and the resulting prominent E-W and NE-SW tectonic trends were revealed which are perhaps related to Eburnean (D1) and Pan-African (D2) deformation events respectively. Subsequently, numerous regions with relatively high degree of faulting and shearing effects were unraveled from the line density analysis of the high pass lineaments. The 3-D Euler deconvolution technique provides a synonymous trend pattern with the HP lineaments as well as estimate the depth extents to the potential structures with values varying between 82.7 and 211.9 m. It was found that the mineralized structures associated with gold over the study area interact with the hydrothermal fluids alongside/adjacent to the structurally deformed (relatively high degree of faulting and shearing effects) regions. The observed regions with coincident, of the hydrothermally altered and structurally deformed are therefore marked as the resourceful, structures for gold mineralization. Hence, the derived evidence from this study has updated the information on the structures that are associated with gold mineralization and also acts a mitigation major against the indiscriminate excavations of the studied region.

A geophysical study comprising vertical electrical soundings was carried out in four (4) locations (Udi 1, Udi 2, Udi 3 and Udi 4) in Udi L.G.A. to assess groundwater potentials. The method involves the use of resistivity equipment (ABEM Terrameter), the field data were obtained utilizing Schlumberger configuration. The WINRESIST software was utilized in the data processing. According to the study’s findings, the geological formations present in these locations contain five to seven layers. Layers 1 has resistivity values ranging from 158.1 – 418.1 m at depths of 0.6 – 1.6 m, layer 2 has resistivity values ranging from 1103.9 – 41387.3  m at depths of 0.8 – 8.9 m, layer 3 has resistivity values ranging from 313.0 – 4782.9 m at depths of 6.9 – 28.2 m, layer 4 has resistivity values ranging from 1847.9 – 6956.8 m at depths of 11.8 – 154.6 m, layer 5 has resistivity values ranging from 115.0 – 2838.4 m at depths of 101.2 – 219.2 m, layer 6 has resistivity values ranging from 51.1 – 261.7 m at a depth 190.6 m, and layer 7 have a resistivity value of 47.1 m at an unknown depth. Layer 4 from all locations shows a prolific aquifer where enormous groundwater can be explored due to its high resistivity values, depth and thickness. The aquifer is estimated to be at the depths of 90.0 – 120.0 m. The results of this geophysical examination revealed that the studied region has good groundwater potential, which if properly utilized, will go a long way toward alleviating the effects of water insufficiency in Udi L.G.A.

In developing nations like Pakistan, the dumping of untreated industrial effluents into drains is a major source of subsurface pollution. This research was carried out at the area of Chokera, Faisalabad and focused on the Paharrang drain to examine its impact on groundwater quality since companies in the area discharge untreated sewage into the drain at various points along its length. It was primarily concerned with determining the impact of the outflow on groundwater quality and observing discharge rate fluctuations. The goal of this study was to assess the toxicity of the drain’s effluent and treatment plant on groundwater quality. Physio-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Cl, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, and Zinc were measured in the collected samples. The findings of these samples were compared to WHO recommendations. The values of these data were represented using ArcView GIS v10.2 and a mapping of quality parameters. None of the values in the wastewater samples were determined to be within the WHO acceptable limit. Similarly, groundwater investigation revealed that all samples were unsuitable for human consumption. Drinking groundwater directly might be hazardous to one’s health.